Source Notes

Chapter 9: Apollo Integration

  1. 1. Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Hearings: NASA Authorization for Fiscal Year 1963, 87th Cong., 2nd sess., 14 June 1962, p. 486; see also House Committee on Science and Astronautics, Subcommittee on Manned Space Flight, 1963 NASA Authorization, 87th Cong., 2nd sess., 26 Mar. 1962, pt. 2, pp. 543-44.

  2. 2. "Weekly Notes," Petrone to Debus, 12 Apr., 17 May 1962; "Minutes of the Sixth Meeting of the Management Council of the Office of Manned Space Flight, 29 May 1962." OMSF realized that G.E.'s favored status would offend stage contractors and stipulated in the contract (NASw-410) certain provisions that restricted G.E.'s use of sensitive information.

  3. 3. "Agreements Reached at the August Meeting at the Cape Concerning the G.E. Contract," unsigned and undated (Debus and Petrone represented LOC).

  4. 4. DDJ, 7 Nov. 1962; OMSF, "Management Council Minutes," 21 Sept., 27 Nov. 1962.

  5. 5. House Committee on Science and Astronautics, Subcommittee on Manned Space Flight, Hearings: 1964 NASA Authorization, 88th Cong., 1st sess., Mar.-June 1963. The G.E. contract and its ramifications crop up throughout these hearings, particularly in vol. 3. pt. 2(b). The subcommittee hearings at Daytona Beach are contained in app. C to pt. 2(b), pp. 1285-1352.

  6. 6. DDJ, 3, 9 July 1963; OMSF, "Management Council Minutes," 27 Aug. 1963.

  7. 7. Manned Spacecraft Center, Langley AFB, VA, "Minutes of MSFC-MSC Space Vehicle Board No. 1, 3 Oct. 1961," 7 Nov. 1961.

  8. 8. Von Braun to Mueller, "Flight Missions Planning Panel," 30 Dec. 1963; Wagner interview.

  9. 9. MSC, "Minutes of MSFC-MSC Space Vehicle Board No. 1, 3 Oct. 1961," 7 Nov. 1961.

  10. 10. LOD Weekly Notes, Petrone, 8 Feb. 1962.

  11. 11. LOD Weekly Notes, Petrone, 3 May, 21 June 1962, and Poppel, 18 Apr. 1962; "Summary of Launch Operations Panel Activities," prepared by Emil Bertram for Joseph Shea, 18 July 1963.

  12. 12. Bertram, "Summary of Launch Operations Panel Activities," 18 July 1963; LOC, "Minutes of Meeting, Apollo-Saturn Launch Operations Panel, 6 Aug. 1963."

  13. 13. "Minutes of Systems Review Meeting, Houston, Texas, 10 Jan. 1963," JSC Archives.

  14. 14. Review Board Minutes, 9-10 Aug. 1963"; OMSF, "Management Council Minutes," 28 May 1963.

  15. 15. Gruene interview, 19 Nov. 1970. The U.S. Comptroller General ruled these "body-shop" contracts illegal in Mar. 1964. House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, Decision of Comptroller General of the United States Regarding Contractor Personnel in Department of Defense, 89th Cong., 1st sess., report 188, 8 Mar. 1965.

  16. 16. Orvil Sparkman, "S-IV Propellant Loading Sequence," 26 Sept. 1961.

  17. 17. LOC Weekly Notes, Gruene, 29 Aug., 5 Sept. 1963; Petrone, 10 Oct. 1963.

  18. 18. Debus to Shea, Dep. Dir. for Systems, NASA Hq., "Apollo Interface Control Procedures," 24 June 1963; minutes of meeting, "Delineation of Interface Responsibility between Astrionics Division and LOC," 29 May 1962, signed by Poppel and H. J. Fichtner, Chief, Electrical Systems Integration.

  19. 19. Debus and von Braun, "Memo of Agreement: MSFC/KSC Relations," 11 Aug. 1964.

  20. 20. Debus and von Braun, "Clarification and Implementation Instruction, MSFC/KSC Relations Agreement dated 11 August 1964," 9 Mar. 1965.

  21. 21. Bertram, "LIEF Implementation," 3 Apr. 1964; Bertram interview, 15 Nov. 1973.

  22. 22. Bertram, "LIEF Implementation," 3 Apr. 1964.

  23. 23. Mary Louise Morse and Jean Kernahan Bays, The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology, vol.2, November 8, 1962-September 30, 1964, NASA SP-4009 (Washington, 1973), pp. iii-vi; Jay Holmes, "Minutes of Special Staff Meeting, Office of Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight," 31 Jan. 1964; Shea to Phillips, 27 Mar. 1964, Phillips File, NASA Hq. History Off.; Joachim P. Kuettner, Mgr., Saturn Apollo Systems Integrations, MSFC, "Trip Report," 22 Oct. 1962, in Petrone's notes.

  24. 24. Memo attached to DDJ, 6 Aug. 1962; Poppel interview, 24 Jan. 1973.

  25. 25. Petrone to M. Dell, Apollo Support Off., MSC, 5 Nov. 1962.

  26. 26. Debus to Holmes, 14 Nov. 1962 (letter summarizing discussions between the two men on 19 Oct.), Debus papers.

  27. 27. Petrone to J. T. Doke, Apollo Project Off., 22 Oct. 1962; Petrone to B. Porter Brown, 13 Nov. 1962.

  28. 28. B. Porter Brown, Prelaunch Ops. Div., Ops. Support Off., to Waiter Wagner, KSC, "Mission Operations Control Room Information," 3 Feb. 1964; Petrone to Brown, 7 Feb. 1963.

  29. 29. KSC Weekly Notes, Petrone, 12 Dec. 1963.

  30. 30. KSC Weekly Notes, Petrone, Jan.-May 1965.

  31. 31. LOC Weekly Notes, Petrone, 20 Sept. 1962; Petrone to Kuettner, "Weekly Report to MSC," 19 Oct., 20 Nov., 18 Dec. 1962, in Petrone's notes (1962-1964).

  32. 32. Debus notes of 20 June 1963, in Petrone's notes; Bertram interview, 28 Sept. 1973; Horn interview; Moore interview; Hand interview.

  33. 33. MSFC, Saturn V Flight Manual, SA 506, 25 Feb. 1969, sec. 3, 9.

  34. 34. KSC, Apollo/Saturn V Flight Safety Plan, Vehicle AS-501 (1967), pp. 1-1, 2-1, 3-1.

  35. 35. Taylor, Liftoff! p.83; Adolf H. Knothe, "Range Safety - Do We Need It?" paper 70-249, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Launch Operations Meeting, Cocoa Beach, FL, 2-4 Feb. 1970, p. 2.

  36. 36. R. M. Montgomery, "Range Safety of the Eastern Test Range," paper 70-246, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Launch Operations Meeting, Cocoa Beach, FL, 2-4 Feb. 1970, p. 2; Arthur Moore to Benson, "Comments on Launch Operations History," 4 Oct. 1974.

  37. 37. Debus to Davis, "Range Safety Policies and Procedures," 11 June 1962, with attached letter from Davis to Debus, 10 May 1962, Debus papers.

  38. 38. Emil Bertram, memo for record, "Range Safety Information Channels," 30 Mar. 1962, KSC Range Safety Off. Notes; LOC Weekly Notes, Knothe, 3 May 1962; Bertram to Petrone, "Apollo Saturn Range Safety," 7 May 1962, KSC Range Safety Off. Notes; Bertram to Petrone, 9 May 1963, Petrone's notes.

  39. 39. AFETR Manual 127-1, Range Safety Manual, 1 Sept. 1972, 1:4-6; according to KSC officials the wording on this matter in the current manual is practically unchanged from the manual in force ten years earlier, no copy of which was available.

  40. 40. LOC Weekly Notes, Knothe, 9 May, 3 July 1963.

  41. 41. Knothe, "Minutes of Meeting on the Use of Liquid Explosives for a Fuel Dispersion System," 12 July 1963, in KSC Range Safety Off. Notes; LOC Weekly Notes, Knothe, 25 July 1963; Christopher C. Kraft, "Range Safety Aspects of the Apollo Program," 5 Aug. 1963.

  42. 42. Knothe to attendees, "Minutes of Meeting: Range Safety Aspects of Apollo Program, Held at NASA/LOC on 29 Aug. 1963," 5 Sept. 1963, KSC Range Safety Off. Notes.

  43. 43. Kraft, "Aspects of Apollo Range Safety," 1 Nov. 1963.

  44. 44. Kraft, "Apollo Range Safety," 11 Dec. 1963, in KSC Range Safety Off. Notes; Hans Gruene, "Apollo Service Module Propellant Dispersion System Interface Disagreement between MSC and KSC/MSFC," 25 Mar. 1964; LOC Weekly Notes, Knothe, 16 Apr. 1964 (marginal note by Debus); George E. Mueller, Assoc. Admin. for Manned Space Flight, to Cmdr., National Range Div., USAF, 18 Sept. 1964.

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